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BNOW.NET · critical-materials dependency

Critical-materials choke points

Where US imports of a critical good concentrate in one or few geopolitically-exposed suppliers. Concentration (HHI) is the choke-point severity; sensitive-supplier share is the exposure. 4 of 11 tracked materials are highly concentrated. Fused with our live conflict/sanctions signals as theater coverage expands.

Rare earths

Rare-earth compounds

HS 2846 · 2024choke point

Rare-earth production and especially processing are heavily concentrated in China.

top supplier: China (68.1%)top-3: 85.4%HHI: 0.485exposed-supplier share: 68.1%US imports $170M

China 68.1% · Japan 12.1% · France 5.2% · Austria 4.4%

Rare earths

Rare-earth metals / alkali metals

HS 2805 · 2024choke point

Upstream rare-earth metals, China-dominated.

top supplier: China (60%)top-3: 98%HHI: 0.44exposed-supplier share: 60%US imports $87M

China 60% · France 25.3% · Germany 12.7% · Canada 0.7%

Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries

HS 8507 · 2024choke point

EV/grid battery cells concentrated in China and South Korea.

top supplier: China (55.9%)top-3: 74.4%HHI: 0.337exposed-supplier share: 74.4%US imports $32.4B

China 55.9% · Japan 9.3% · South Korea 9.1% · Mexico 5.2%

Energy

Crude oil

HS 2709 · 2024choke point

Canada is the largest single foreign crude supplier to the US, pipeline-hardwired — see the measured share below.

top supplier: Canada (59.2%)top-3: 71.2%HHI: 0.366exposed-supplier share: 59.2%US imports $174.4B

Canada 59.2% · Mexico 7.2% · Saudi Arabia 4.8% · Brazil 3.8%

Semiconductors

Doped semiconductor wafers

HS 3818 · 2024

Silicon wafers / doped substrates — Japan-dominated upstream.

top supplier: Japan (40.9%)top-3: 66.3%HHI: 0.218exposed-supplier share: 63.4%US imports $1.6B

Japan 40.9% · Taiwan 13.3% · South Korea 12.1% · China 9.2%

Semiconductors

Integrated circuits (chips)

HS 8542 · 2024

Advanced-node fabrication is heavily concentrated in Taiwan; back-end packaging clusters in Malaysia/Vietnam.

top supplier: Taiwan (28.1%)top-3: 62.3%HHI: 0.159exposed-supplier share: 61.5%US imports $40.4B

Taiwan 28.1% · Malaysia 23.8% · Israel 10.4% · South Korea 6%

Rare earths

Permanent magnets (NdFeB)

HS 8505 · 2024

Rare-earth magnet supply (motors, defense, wind) is dominated by China.

top supplier: China (44.5%)top-3: 64.8%HHI: 0.229exposed-supplier share: 44.5%US imports $1.2B

China 44.5% · Mexico 12.3% · Germany 8.1% · Japan 6.9%

Pharma

Antibiotics (APIs)

HS 2941 · 2024

Active pharmaceutical ingredients / precursors — China & India dominant.

top supplier: Italy (34.6%)top-3: 72.6%HHI: 0.232exposed-supplier share: 31.5%US imports $716M

Italy 34.6% · China 31.5% · Denmark 6.5% · India 5.4%

Energy

Uranium / nuclear fuel

HS 2844 · 2024

Enriched uranium and nuclear fuel — Canada, Kazakhstan, Russia.

top supplier: Canada (25.8%)top-3: 58.3%HHI: 0.153exposed-supplier share: 39.1%US imports $7.1B

Canada 25.8% · France 17% · United Kingdom 15.6% · Germany 10.8%

Semiconductors

Semiconductor devices / diodes

HS 8541 · 2024

Discrete semis and power devices, East-Asia concentrated.

top supplier: Vietnam (25.1%)top-3: 55.1%HHI: 0.124exposed-supplier share: 13.4%US imports $23.3B

Vietnam 25.1% · Thailand 15.5% · Malaysia 14.6% · India 7.2%

Materials

Gallium / germanium / rare gases

HS 2804 · 2024

Gallium & germanium (chip/defense inputs) — China export-controlled.

top supplier: Canada (34.6%)top-3: 63.9%HHI: 0.184exposed-supplier share: 2.2%US imports $889M

Canada 34.6% · Brazil 22.2% · Germany 7.1% · Australia 5.1%

Source: UN Comtrade (official database) — US goods imports (reporter M49 842, flow M), partner breakdown per HS code, latest reported year shown on each card · last fetched 2026-07-06. Query shape: Comtrade documentation. Dependency data is global; the live geopolitical-stress overlay deepens with theater coverage.